'~んです' is used when you are explaining something or asking for an explanation. In the Japanese language we have 2 types of talking mode. One is to make a statement and the other is to explain. For example:
1) あした しけんが あります。I have an exam tomorrow. --- statement
2) あした しけんが あるんです。I have an exam tomorow (that explains why I can't go out today) --- explanation
The same goes when you want to ask for or invite explanation.
eg; 1) A: どうしたんですか。 What happened ? (you looked shattered)
B: ねこが 死んだんです。My cat died. (that should explain how I look today)
2) A: ここで なにを しているんですか。What are you doing here ?
B: あなたを まっているんです。 I am waiting for you. ( isn't it obvious ?)
It is also used for asking clarifications from the person you are talking to.
eg. 3) A: きのう こなかったんですか。Didn't you come yesterday ?
B: ええ、びょういんに いったんです。I went to the hospital. (that's why I didn't come)
4) A: さむいんですか。Are you feeling cold ? ( you are shivering)
B: はい、ちょっと さむいんです。 Yes, it is quite cold
5) すみません、ゆうびんきょくへ いきたいんですが、。。
Excuse me, I would like to go to the post office..(so, could you please direct me there)
* for Noun and 'na' adjectives, we use '~なんです’ instead of ’~んです’
6) A: あの人は がくせいなんですか。 Is that person a student ? (he surely doesn't look like one...)
B: いいえ、せんせいなんです。 No, a teacher. (of course he is not a student )
7) A: また りょこうに いったんですか。You went for a trip again ? (unbelievable..)
B: ひまなんです。 I am free. (well, I have nothing to do....)
Note:
In writing form, it is common to see’~のです’ instead of ’~んです’.
Try using ’~んです’ today ! :)
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